PATALAI (Stem Bark)
Patalai consists of dried stem bark of Stereospermum chelonoides (L.f.) DC. (Fam. Bignoniacem), a large deciduous tree upto 18 m high and about 1.8 m in girth with a clear bole of about 9 m, found throughout the moist parts of the country.
SYNONYMS
Sanskrit : Patala, Khrisnavrna, Madhudui, Tamrapuspi
Assamese : —
Bengali : Paarul
English : Trumpet Flower Tree, Yellow Snake Tree
Gujrati : Paadal
Hindi : Paraal, Paatar, Paadree, Paadhal
Kannada : Rude, Kalludi, Kaala-adri
Kashmiri : —
Malayalam : Puppaatiri, Paatiri
Marathi : Paadal
Oriya : Patudi
Punjabi : Paadal
Tamil : Paadiri, Pumpaadiri, Paadari
Telugu : Kokkosa, Kaligottu
Urdu : —
DESCRIPTION
a) Macroscopic
Drug occurs in cut pieces of varying sizes, upto 0.8 cm thick, slightly recurved and very slightly channelled; external surface rough due to ridges, fissures and lenticels; dull brown; when cut across it shows lamellations due to presence of concentric bands of phloem fibres; fracture, tough and short with inner lamellm occasionally peeling off; taste, not characteristic.
b) Microscopic
Cork consisting of about 8 to 22 layers of tangentially elongated, thin-walled, lignified, rectangular cells; cork cambium single layered of narrow cells; secondary cortex very wide, composed of tangentially elongated, thick-walled, polyhedral, isodiametric, parenchymatous cells with intercellular spaces having numerous, mostly groups of stone cells of various sizes, fairly large, thick-walled, lignified, oval to polygonal upto 180 n long and upto 90 n wide, pitted with clear striations and with wide lumen; secondary phloem composed of ceratenchyma, phloem parenchyma, fibres and rays cells; ceratenchyma present in the form of thick-walled tangential strips between two obliquely running rays; phloem fibres mostly in groups arranged in concentric manner; phloem rays mostly multi seriate, fairly large, 2 to 4 cells wide, a few uniseriate rays also occur; micro sphenoidal crystals of calcium oxalate present in phloem parenchyma and ray cells.
Powder – Brown; fragments of thin-walled, rectangular cork cells; single or groups of lignifed, thick-walled, oval to polygonal stone cells upto 180 n long and upto 90 n wide, having clear striations with wide lumen and pits; fibres with small tapering and pointed ends; pieces of phloem parenchyma cells and a few microsphenoidal crystals of calcium oxalate.
IDENTITY, PURITY AND STRENGTH
Foreign matter Not more than 2 per cent, Appendix 2.2.2.
Total Ash Not more than 8 per cent, Appendix 2.2.3.
Acid-insoluble ash Not more than 1 per cent, Appendix 2.2.4.
Alcohol-soluble extractive Not less than 12.5 per cent, Appendix 2.2.6.
Water-soluble extractive Not less than 25 per cent, Appendix 2.2.7.
T.L.C.
T.L.C. of the alcoholic extract on Silica gel ‘G’ plate using n-Butanol : Glacial Acetic acid : Water (4: 1 :5) shows under U.V. (366 nm) two fluorescent spots at Rf. 0.48 and 0.81 (both blue). On exposure to Iodine vapour four spots appear at Rf. 0.36, 0.48, 0.60 and 0.81 (all yellow). On spraying with 5% Methanolic-Sulphuric acid reagent and heating the plate at 105oC for ten minutes six spots appear at Rf. 0.16, 0.36, 0.54, 0.64, 0.81 and 0.89 (all black).
CONSTITUENTS – Gum and a bitter substance.
PROPERTIES AND ACTION
Rasa : Madhura, Katu, Tikta, Kasaya
Guna : Guru, Visada
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Dipana, Hrdya, Raktadosahara, Visaghna, Tridosahara, Trsaghna, Rasayana, Adhodagadosahara
IMPORTANT FORMULATIONS – Amrtarista, Dantyadyarista, Dasamularista, Indukanta Ghrta
THERAPEUTIC USES – Arocaka, Adhmana, Hikka, Svasa, Vrana, Svayathu, Sanipata, Vami, Dagdhavrana, Mutraghata, Sotha.
DOSE – 3-6 gm in powder form.10-30 gm for decoction in dividing dose.
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